This course aims to give students an understanding of current issues in freshwater ecology with particular reference to ecological theory, and the application of research to management and conservation issues in many areas of the Philippines, particularly in neighboring areas of Caraga. This course is designed to provide theoretical and practical expertise in a range of biological, ecological and environmental processes and issues in the freshwater environment. The course is designed to enable graduates to contribute in a professional capacity to the study and management of waterways in the Philippines and overseas